Hop Frog as a Love Story Essay -- Hop Frog Essays

Hop Frog as a Love Story "Hop Frog", by Edgar Allan Poe, is a short story in which the title character, after enduring much abuse by the king, gets revenge in the end. Hop Frog is not only the king's jester, but is also a handicapped dwarf. The king perpetually berates Hop Frog and plays practical jokes on his poor jester. At one point, king and his seven ministers summon Hop Frog before them so that he may give them ideas for an upcoming masquerade. The king forces him to drink wine (which Hop Frog always has an adverse reaction to drinking) and becomes very upset at him. Hop Frog is saved only by the intercession of Trippetta, a woman from Hop Frog's own land and his only true friend. Trippetta succeeds, but only after suffering great humiliation at the hands of the king. Nevertheless, Hop Frog gives the eight an idea for their masquerade disguises. After tarring them, covering them with flax, and chaining them together, they have the rough appearance of eight orangutans, and Hop Frog leads them into the m asquerade. Here his vengeance plot unfolds, as he hoists the into the air and sets them on fire. He then makes his escape, probably with Trippetta and the two are never seen again. But this story is not just about escape from oppression. Instead, it is a love story, because Hop Frog’s entire course of action was inspired only by his love for Trippetta.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hop Frog had suffered through years of torment at the hands of the king. To begin with, Hop Frog was kidnapped from his own land and sent as a captive to the king. Hop Frog was made to suffer verbal abuse for his physical shortcomings and sufferings.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example, he was given the insulting nickname of "Hop Frog", though ...through the distortions o... ...e being abused himself, but when his love is mistreated, something just snaps. His cool plot is created solely to avenge the injustice done upon Trippetta. If Hop Frog only wished to escape or to have revenge for his own trials, he would have just killed the king. But instead, he kills the king (committer of the injustice) and the ministers (who all laughed at the humiliation of Trippetta). He does so in a public forum so as to humiliate them in the way they humiliated his love. After inflicting his vengeance on these men, Hop Frog escapes with his love and they disappear from the kingdom. One can only assume that they returned to their homeland, but wherever they did go, they went there together. This truly is a love story. Works Cited: Poe, Edgar Allen. "Hop-Frog." Collective Works of Edgar Allen Poe. Ed. Thomas Ollive Mabbott. Massattusetes: Harvard, 1978.

Memory Management Strategies

ITCS 343 Opera-ng System Principles Memory Management Strategies Virtualizing Resources †¢? Physical Reality: Di? erent Processes/Threads share the same hardware –? Need to mul-plex CPU (Just ?nished: scheduling) –? Need to mul-plex use of Memory (Today) –? Need to mul-plex disk and devices (later in term) –? The complete working state of a process and/or kernel is de? ned by its data in memory (and registers) –? Consequently, cannot just let di? erent threads of control use the same memory –? Probably don’t want di? erent threads to even have access to each other’s memory (protec-on) †¢?Physics: two di? erent pieces of data cannot occupy the same loca-ons in memory †¢? Why worry about memory sharing? Memory Hierarchy of a Modern Computer System †¢? Take advantage of the principle of locality to: –? Present as much memory as in the cheapest technology –? Provide access at speed o? ered by the fa stest technology Processor Control Second Level Cache (SRAM) Main Memory (DRAM) Secondary Storage (Disk) Tertiary Storage (Tape) On-Chip Cache Registers 1s 100s Datapath Speed (ns): Size (bytes): 10s- ­? 100s Ks- ­? Ms 100s Ms 10,000,000s 10,000,000,000s (10s ms) (10s sec) Gs Ts Background ? Program must be brought (from disk) into memory and placed within a process for it to be run †¢? CPU can access directly to registers and main memory –? Register access in one CPU clock (or less) –? Main memory can take many cycles †¢? Cache sits between main memory and CPU registers - ­? to reduce CPU idle .me and make the available data faster to access. †¢? Protec-on of memory ensures correct opera-on –? to protect the opera. ng system from access by user processes and, –? to protect user processes from one another. –? One simple implementa. on is through base and limit registers Mul– ­? stepProcessing of a Program for Execu-on †¢? Prepara-on of a program for execu-on involves components at: †¢? Addresses can be bound to ?nal values anywhere in this path †¢? Dynamic Libraries –? Compile -me (i. e. â€Å"gcc†) –? Link/Load -me (unix â€Å"ld† does link) –? Execu-on -me (e. g. dynamic libs) –? Depends on hardware support –? Also depends on opera-ng system –? Linking postponed un-l execu-on –? Small piece of code, stub, used to locate the appropriate memory- ­? resident library rou-ne –? Stub replaces itself with the address of the rou-ne, and executes rou-ne Mul– ­? step Processing of a Program or Execu-on †¢? User programs go through several steps before being able to run. †¢? This mul– ­? step processing of the program invokes †¢? The appropriate u-lity (the rectangle) †¢? Generates the required module at each step (the circle) †¢? Basically, it is all about bind – addres s mapping. Binding of Instruc9ons and Data to Memory †¢? Address binding of instruc-ons and data to memory addresses can happen at three di? erent stages –? Compile 9me: If memory loca-on known a priori, absolute code can be generated; must recompile code if star-ng loca-on changes –? Load 9me: Must generate relocatable ode if memory loca-on is not known at compile -me –? Execu9on 9me: Binding delayed un-l run -me if the process can be moved during its execu-on from one memory segment to another. Need hardware support for address maps (e. g. , base and limit registers) †¢? Controlled overlap: †¢? Address Type: –? Separate state of threads should not collide in physical memory. Obviously, unexpected overlap causes chaos! –? Conversely, would like the ability to overlap when desired (for communica-on) –? A physical (absolute) address is a physical loca-on in main memory. –? A logical (virtual) address is a eference to a m emory loca-on that is independent of the physical organiza-on of memory. –? All memory references in user process are logical addresses. –? A rela-ve address is an example of logical address in which the address is expressed as a loca-on rela-ve to some known point in the program (ex: the beginning address). †¢? Transla-on: †¢? Protec-on: –? Ability to translate accesses from one address space (virtual) to a di? erent one (physical) –? When transla-on exists, processor uses virtual addresses, physical memory uses physical addresses –? Side e? ects: Can be used to avoid overlap,Can be used to give uniform view of memory to programs –? Prevent access to private memory of other processes †¢? Di? erent pages of memory can be given special behavior (Read Only, Invisible to user programs, etc). †¢? Kernel data protected from User programs †¢? Programs protected from themselves Base and Limit Registers †¢? Each process has a separate memory space (logical/user address space). †¢? A pair of base and limit registers de? ne the logical address space –? base register holds the smallest legal physical address –? limit register speci? es the size of the range of a process †¢? Could se base/limit for dynamic address transla9on (oBen called â€Å"segmenta9on†): –? Alter address of every load/store by adding â€Å"base† –? User allowed to read/write within segment  »? Accesses are rela9ve to segment so don’t have to be relocated when program moved to di? erent segment –? User may have mul9ple segments available (e. g x86)  »? Loads and stores include segment ID in opcode: x86 Example: mov [es:bx],ax.  »? Opera9ng system moves around segment base pointers as necessary Mul-programming †¢? Problem: Run mul-ple applica-ons in such a way that they are protected from one another †¢? Goals: –?Isolate processes and kernel fro m one another –? Allow ?exible transla-on that: †¢? Doesn’t lead to fragmenta-on †¢? Allows easy sharing between processes †¢? Allows only part of process to be resident in physical memory †¢? (Some of the required) Hardware Mechanisms: –? General Address Transla-on –? Dual Mode Opera-on †¢? Flexible: Can ?t physical chunks of memory into arbitrary places in users address space †¢? Not limited to small number of segments †¢? Think of this as providing a large number (thousands) of ?xed- ­? sized segments (called â€Å"pages†) †¢? Protec-on base involving kernel/user dis-nc-on

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health - 1371 Words

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Large disparities exist between minorities and the rest of Americans in major areas of health. Even though the overall health of the nation is improving, minorities suffer from certain diseases up to five times more than the rest of the nation. President Clinton has committed the nation to eliminating the disparities in six areas of health by the Year 2010, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) will be jumping in on this huge battle. The six areas are: Infant Mortality, Cancer Screening and Management, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, HIV Infection and AIDS, and Child and Adult Immunizations. Infant mortality is considered a worldwide indicator of a nation’s health†¦show more content†¦Only 71% of black and Hispanic women received prenatal care compared with 84% of White women. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, killing more than 544,000 people each year. Minority groups suffer more from cancer than any other group. Black men and women have a cancer death rate about 35% higher than whites and the death rate for cancer in black men is almost 50% higher than white men. The death rate of lung cancer among blacks is about 27% higher than for whites. Also, the incidence rate for lung cancer in black men is 50% higher than in white men. Cardiovascular disease, mainly coronary heart disease and stroke, is the leading cause of death among all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. A disproportionate number of people in minority and low-income populations die or become disabled from cardiovascular disease. The death rate for coronary heart disease for the nation decreased by 20% from 1987 to 1995, but for blacks, the overall decrease was only 13 percent. The coronary heart disease mortality rate for Asian Americans was 40% lower than whites, but 40% higher for blacks in 1995. 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